It takes 1000 years to produce just a few centimetres of topsoil. Still, the equivalent of one soccer pitch of soil erodes every five seconds and on this course, by 2050, 90 per cent of all soils are set to be degraded. Without change, degrading soils will put our ecosystems, our climate and food security in jeopardy.
Soil is the life support of our food and agriculture, and we rely on soils for 95 per cent of the food we consume. It is, therefore, imperative to pursue sustainable soil management practices.
Today, the ‘Global Soil Partnership’ (GSP) launched by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is leading the mission for better soil management and a raised awareness of soil-related issues. Soils are now high on the global agenda, but we all have a role to play! Hence, make it your objective to discover more about the birthplace of our food: soils!
The GSP has been working for the past decade with countries and over 500 partners to address soil-related issues, positioning soil on the Global Agenda. The GSP continues to create an ever-growing network of partners to promote sustainable soil management and soil governance globally.
Here are five ways how the GSP is stopping soil degradation and improving soil management:
1. Working with countries to reach farmers and improve soil management on the ground and recarbonize soils
One programme, Recarbonization of Global Agricultural Soils (RECSOIL), addresses challenges related to climate change and sustainability by boosting soil health and making them more productive and shock resilient. The mechanism focuses on the recarbonization of soils or improving the amount of organic matter in the soil, by adopting practices such as using cover crops, crop rotation and agroforestry, among others. This boosts the health of soils and in turn, increases food security and farmers’ incomes. The RECSOIL programme addresses both carbon sequestration and mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHG).
Costa Rica and Mexico are currently piloting RECSOIL by incentivizing farmers to adopt sustainable soil management. Farmers are trained on good practices while their fields are monitored to assess soil health and the provision of ecosystem services.
2. Mapping global soils
The GSP has produced cutting-edge products and services, such as digital soil mapping, that illustrate soil conditions so that countries and national institutions can boost their own capacities and make informed decisions to manage soil degradation.
Following a country-driven approach, the GSP and countries have produced four global maps so far, all created to target certain soil threats. These informative tools include the Global Salt-affected Soils Map, Global Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Potential Map, Global Soil Organic Carbon Map and Global Black Soil Distribution Map. These maps rely on ground data from around the world and support evidence-based decisions for sustainable soil management at all levels.
3. Building capacity and educating on soils
With its global capacity development programmes, the GSP delivers on-the-job training and provides countries with guidelines and technical support. To date, the GSP has reached over 7 000 national experts from more than 170 countries. Training sessions bridge the digital gap and improve national capacities in soil data management, mapping, modelling and soil analysis, among other topics.O
ne of the seven technical networks that GSP facilitates is the Global Soil Laboratory Network (GLOSOLAN) which was established in 2017. It builds the capacities of laboratories to produce reliable data on soils by harmonizing methods, units and information on soil analysis. GLOSOLAN integrates rapid and cost-effective systems to measure soil properties through its initiative on soil spectroscopy. Today, more than 850 laboratories from 152 countries are active members of this Network.
4. Raising global awareness and engaging youth
Through campaigns such as the International Year of Soils and World Soil Day on 5 December, the GSP has raised awareness of soils and increased global participation and support. In addition, the Partnership has engaged billions of citizens in conversation through social media as well as provided informative tools such as factsheets and infographics.
Raising awareness from an early age is also of utmost importance. In 2020, the GSP launched a Children’s Book Contest on Soil Biodiversity to engage a young audience on the importance of soil organisms and the urgency to protect soil biodiversity. The contest received a total of 80 books from over 60 countries. The top 10 story entries were published in a collection called The Magical World of Soil Biodiversity.
5. Shaping government policies and triggering action
The GSP works with governments to shape inclusive policies and improve soil governance. It also enhances the capacity of policymakers to implement sustainable soil management for future generations.
FAO says the role of the GSP has been vital in developing normative tools to assist countries to mainstream soil health and sustainable soil management into national legislation, strategies and programmes. These documents include the Revised World Soil Charter, the Voluntary Guidelines for Sustainable Soil Management and the International Code of Conduct for the Sustainable Use and Management of Fertilizers. These documents not only help to shape global policies but also streamline sustainable soil management at all levels and, in the process, make possible extensive consultations within the international soil community.
Source: FAO News and Media office, Rome
– global bihari bureau
