By Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus*
Director-General, World Health Organization
Gandhinagar: One of the great strengths of traditional medicine is the understanding of the intimate links between the health of humans and our environment. That’s why WHO [The World Health Organization] is committed to supporting countries to unlock the potential of traditional medicine, through the Global Traditional Medicine Centre in Jamnagar, which I had the honour to launch with His Excellency Prime Minister [Narendra] Modi last year. At that time, we decided to co-host the first WHO Traditional Medicine Global Summit, jointly celebrating WHO’s 75th anniversary and India’s 75th anniversary of national independence, alongside India’s presidency of the G20. We plan to make this a regular event, maybe every two years, to provide an established global forum for sharing evidence and best practices in the use of traditional medicine.
Yesterday I had the privilege to visit a health and wellness centre here in Gujarat, which provides primary healthcare services to almost 5,000 people in 1,000 households. I was so impressed with the way India is using telemedicine to provide consultations remotely, expanding the delivery of services, and saving patients time and money in travelling. This is what health for all looks like. I also saw how traditional medicine is being integrated at the primary healthcare level, with a wellness garden at the clinic, where I had the opportunity to plant a Tulsi tree.
Traditional medicine is as old as humanity itself. Throughout history, people in all countries and cultures have used traditional healers, home remedies and ancient medicinal knowledge to meet their needs for health and well-being. At some point in our lives, most of us will use some form of traditional medicine. Growing up in Ethiopia, a country with its own rich history of traditional medicine, I saw first-hand how communities relied on traditional practitioners for their health needs.
Traditional medicine is not a thing of the past. There is a growing demand for them across countries, communities and cultures. Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine is especially important for preventing and treating non-communicable diseases and mental health, and for healthy ageing.
Traditional medicine has a long history. Over 3 500 years ago, Sumerians and Egyptians used bark from the willow tree as a pain reliever and an anti-inflammatory. The Ancient Greeks used it to ease the pain of childbirth and cure fevers. Then in 1897, the chemist Felix Hoffmann synthesized aspirin and the drug has gone on to improve, and save, the lives of millions of people every day.
Likewise, the Madagascar periwinkle, which is now the source of childhood cancer drugs, is mentioned in Mesopotamian folklore, as well as Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine. Medicinal plants like hawthorn and foxglove have been used to treat cardiovascular disease and hypertension, and a derivative of the wild Mexican yam is one of the first active ingredients in contraceptive pills.
India has a rich history of traditional medicine through Ayurveda, including yoga, which has been shown to be effective in alleviating pain.
As someone who spent many years researching malaria transmission, I am inspired by Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, who leveraged traditional knowledge to achieve a breakthrough in malaria treatment. After testing – unsuccessfully — over 240 000 compounds for use in antimalarials – Tu Youyou turned to traditional Chinese medical literature for clues. There, she and her team found a reference to sweet wormwood to treat fevers. In 1971, Tu Youyou’s team isolated artemisinin, an active compound in sweet wormwood that was particularly effective in treating malaria. Artemisinin is now the backbone of malaria treatment.
These are just a few examples. There are many more.
Traditional medicine has made enormous contributions to human health and has enormous potential. Through this summit, and the WHO Global Centre for Traditional Medicine, the WHO is working to build the evidence and data to inform policies, standards and regulations for the safe, cost-effective, and equitable use of traditional medicine. This is not a new area for WHO. In 2014, our Member States approved the first global 10-year strategy for traditional medicine. At this year’s World Health Assembly, Member States agreed to extend the strategy for an additional two years and asked for a new 10-year strategy to be developed from 2025 to 2034.
This summit is an important opportunity to advance the understanding and use of traditional medicine. The Gujarat Declaration—the main outcome of this Global Summit—if effectively implemented, will enhance the appropriate integration of traditional medicine into national health systems.
Let me leave you with three specific requests.
First, we urge all countries to commit to examining how best to integrate traditional and complementary medicine into their national health systems.
Second, I urge all to identify specific, evidence-based and actionable recommendations that can inform the next WHO traditional medicine global strategy.
Third, I urge all to use this meeting as the starting point for a global movement to unlock the power of traditional medicine through science and innovation.
*Excerpts from his speech at the first-ever Traditional Medicine Global Summit in Gandhinagar today. More than 75 nations participated in the global event.
