Women from ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities such as the Hazara, Tajik, Hindu are even more vulnerable in Afghanistan
Geneva: In all 36 human rights experts today unanimously claimed that Taliban leaders in Afghanistan are institutionalizing large scale and systematic gender-based discrimination and violence against women and girls. The group of UN human rights experts stated they were alarmed at the series of restrictive measures that have been introduced since the Taliban’s takeover of Afghanistan, particularly those concerning women and girls, in August 2021.
“Taken together, these policies constitute a collective punishment of women and girls, grounded on gender-based bias and harmful practices,” the experts said, adding that they were concerned about the continuous and systematic efforts to exclude women from the social, economic, and political spheres across the country.
They stated that in the cases of women from ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities such as the Hazara, Tajik, Hindu and other communities whose differences or visibility make them even more vulnerable in Afghanistan, these concerns were exacerbated.
The experts also noted the increased risk of exploitation of women and girls including of trafficking for the purposes of child and forced marriage as well as sexual exploitation and forced labour. These exclusionary and discriminatory policies were being enforced through a wave of measures such as barring women from returning to their jobs, requiring a male relative to accompany them in public spaces, prohibiting women from using public transport on their own, as well as imposing a strict dress code on women and girls.
“In addition to severely limiting their freedom of movement, expression and association, and their participation in public and political affairs, these policies have also affected the ability of women to work and to make a living, pushing them further into poverty,” the experts said. “Women heads of households are especially hard hit, with their suffering compounded by the devastating consequences of the humanitarian crisis in the country.”
Of particular and grave concern was the continued denial of the fundamental right of women and girls to secondary and tertiary education, on the premise that women and men have to be segregated and that female students abide by a specific dress code. As such, the vast majority of girls’ secondary schools remain closed and the majority of girls who should be attending grades 7-12 are being denied access to school, based solely on their gender.
“Today, we are witnessing the attempt to steadily erase women and girls from public life in Afghanistan including in institutions and mechanisms that had been previously set up to assist and protect those women and girls who are most at risk,” the experts said in reference to the closure of the Ministry of Women’s Affairs and the physical occupation of the premises of the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission.
“Various vital, and sometimes lifesaving, service providers supporting survivors of gender-based violence have shut down for fear of retribution, as have many women’s shelters, with potentially fatal consequences for the many victims in need of such services.”
Other efforts aimed at dismantling systems designed to prevent and respond to gender-based violence have included discontinuing specialized courts and prosecution units responsible for enforcing the 2009 Law on the Elimination of Violence Against Women and preventing many women aid and social workers from being able to fully perform their jobs and assist other women and girls.
While these measures have affected women and girls of all spheres of life, the experts highlighted their particular concerns for women human rights defenders, women civil society activists and leaders, women judges and prosecutors, women in the security forces, women that were former government employees, and women journalists, all of whom have been considerably exposed to harassment, threats of violence and sometimes violence, and for whom civic space had been severely eroded. Many have been forced to leave the country as a result.
“We are also deeply troubled by the harsh manner with which the de facto authorities have responded to Afghan women and girls claiming their fundamental rights, with reports of peaceful protesters having been often beaten, ill-treated, threatened, and in confirmed instances detained arbitrarily,” the experts said.
“We are also extremely disturbed by the reports of extrajudicial killings and forced displacement of ethnic and religious minorities, such as the Hazara, which would suggest deliberate efforts to target, ban, and even eliminate them from the country.”
The experts reiterated their call to the international community to step up urgently needed humanitarian assistance for the Afghan people, and the realization of their right to recovery and development. The financial and humanitarian crisis has been particularly devastating for groups in situations of heightened vulnerability within the Afghan population, particularly women, children, minorities and female-headed households. At the same time, the international community must continue to hold the de facto authorities accountable for continuous violations of the rights of half of the Afghan society and to ensure that restrictions on women and girl’s fundamental rights are immediately removed.
“Any humanitarian response, recovery or development efforts in the country are condemned to failure if female staff, women-led organizations, and women in general – particularly those from minority communities – continue to be excluded from full participation in the needs assessments as well as in the decision-making, design, implementation and monitoring of these interventions,” the experts said.
The human rights experts are:
- Reem Alsalem, Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences;
- Ahmed Shaheed, Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief;
- Siobhán Mullally, Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children.
- Pedro Arrojo Agudo, Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation;
- Morris Tidball-Binz, Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions;
- Gerard Quinn, Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities;
- Michael Fakhri, Special Rapporteur on the right to food;
- Olivier De Schutter, Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights;
- Sorcha MacLeod (Chair-Rapporteur), Jelena Aparac, Ravindran Daniel, Chris Kwaja, Working Group on the use of mercenaries;
- Clément Nyaletsossi Voule, Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association;
- Saad Alfarargi, Special Rapporteur on the right to development;
- Fernand de Varennes, Special Rapporteur on minority issues;
- Tomoya Obokata, Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences;
- Irene Khan; Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression;
- Livingstone Sewanyana, Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order;
- Cecilia Jimenez-Damary, Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons;
- Mama Fatima Singhateh, Special Rapporteur on the Sale of children;
- Mary Lawlor, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders;
- Melissa Upreti (Chair), Dorothy Estrada Tanck (Vice-Chair), Elizabeth Broderick, Ivana Radačić, and Meskerem Geset Techane, Working Group on discrimination against women and girls;
- Elina Steinerte (Chair-Rapporteur), Miriam Estrada-Castillo (Vice-Chair), Leigh Toomey, Mumba Malila, Priya Gopalan, Working Group on arbitrary detention;
- Gladys Acosta Vargas, Chair of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women;
- Alexandra Xanthaki, Special Rapporteur in the field of cultural rights;
- Tlaleng Mofokeng, Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health;
- Koumba Boly Barry, Special Rapporteur on the right to education;
- E. Tendayi Achiume, Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance.
– global bihari bureau
