Copenhagen: People affected by humanitarian emergencies are at increased risk of Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). NCDs, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes, are responsible for 75% of deaths worldwide. It is estimated that strokes and heart attacks are up to three times more likely following a disaster.
During 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) responded to 65 graded health emergencies worldwide, up from 40 a decade earlier. In the same year, UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, issued 43 emergency declarations to scale up support in 29 countries—the highest number in decades. United Nations estimates show that 300 million people will need humanitarian assistance and protection in 2024 with over half (165.7 million) in need of emergency health assistance.
Refugees often face limited access to health care, which can be compounded by poor living conditions, financial difficulties, and precarious legal status. NCDs accounted for a significant proportion of all deaths in the top countries of origin of refugees under UNHCR mandate: 75% in the Syrian Arab Republic, 92% in Ukraine, 50% in Afghanistan and 28% in South Sudan.
Humanitarian emergencies in recent years are becoming more complex and interconnected. Hunger and shortages of essential goods exacerbate geopolitical conflicts, ecological degradation and climate change, resulting in more frequent and extreme natural disasters.
The inclusion of noncommunicable disease care in response to humanitarian emergencies, however, can help save more lives.
“As forced displacement grows, we must work to ensure the right to health of refugees, other forcibly displaced people and host communities. It is imperative that the policies, and resources are in place to support the inclusion of refugees in national health systems, including for access to care for noncommunicable diseases,” Filippo Grandi, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, said.
“We must be innovative, and work with governments and partners to respond to such challenges,” he added.
The number of crises impacting people’s health has been increasing. However, care and treatment for NCDs are often not included as a standard part of humanitarian emergency preparedness and response, which focuses on the most immediate needs.
“People living with NCDs in humanitarian crises are more likely to see their condition worsen due to trauma, stress, or the inability to access medicines or services. The needs are enormous, but the resources are not,” said WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. “We must find ways to better integrate NCD care in emergency response, to protect more lives from these avoidable tragedies and improve health security.”
To support the integration of essential services for NCDs in emergency preparedness and humanitarian response, WHO, Denmark, Jordan, Kenya, and UNHCR, are jointly convening a global high-level technical meeting on NCDs in humanitarian settings on February 27-29, 2024, in Copenhagen. The outputs of this meeting will contribute to the 2024 progress report to the UN Secretary-General, informing plans for the Fourth UN High-level Meeting on NCDs scheduled for 2025.
Building solutions and momentum
There are many solutions countries and partners are putting in place to save more lives from NCDs among people affected by humanitarian crises. Since 2017, more than 142,000 WHO NCD kits containing various essential treatments for diabetes, hypertension, asthma, and other medicines have been disseminated. Each kit provides affordable, safe and dependable access to lifesaving NCD medicines and supplies for 10,000 people for over three months. These have been distributed to 28 countries affected by conflicts and or natural disasters and placed in humanitarian hubs including Gaza, South Sudan and Ukraine.
Many countries have included policies and services for the prevention and control of NCDs as part of their efforts to strengthen health systems to better prepare for, respond to, and recover from health emergencies. These efforts aim to achieve strong and resilient health systems with primary health care (PHC) and Universal Health Coverage (UHC) as a foundation.
However, much more needs to be done. Some specialized services such as dialysis or cancer care require specific planning and adaptations during emergencies, and more insights are needed to integrate NCDs into emergency preparedness and response better. NCDs remain a neglected aspect of humanitarian responses, with significant gaps in technical and operational guidance, and a lack of capacity and resources.
– global bihari bureau
